バレリアンエキスにはどのような有効成分が含まれていますか?

5月11,2025
カテゴリ:健康食材

Currently, there are few reviews or summaries of research on the chemical composition and physiological activities of Valeriana officinalis. This paper aims to organize and analyze recent domestic and international research progress on Valeriana officinalis, providing a reference basis for future studies on its chemical composition, physiological activities, and comprehensive development. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is the dried root and rhizome of the plant Valeriana officinalis L., belonging to the Valerianaceae family [1]. It has a cold nature, a pungent and bitter taste, and enters the heart and liver meridians. This herb has sedative, anxiolytic, and antispasmodic effects. Clinically, it is primarily used to treat insomnia, palpitations, anxiety, and other conditions associated with nervous system disorders, as well as for anxiety relief and the treatment of gastrointestinal pain [2-3]. It is widely distributed in northwestern and southwestern regions of China, including Chang'陝西省の安、寧県、藍田、黄龍。








1 形識別

Valerian is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Valerianaceae family. It has a thick and short rhizome, fleshy, with numerous fibrous roots that are elongated and branched, and emits a strong aromatic odor. The stem is erect, 50–100 cm tall, cylindrical with multiple purple longitudinal ridges, the nodes slightly protruding, and covered with white hairs. The basal leaves are pinnately deeply lobed. They have long petioles, which wither early or remain as remnants; stem leaves are opposite, odd-pinnately lobed, with 3–15 lobes, the margins having irregular coarse teeth or entire, both surfaces sparsely covered with white short hairs, the veins sunken and convex, the leaf bases flattened and broad, slightly clasping the stem. Flowers bloom in spring and summer, forming dense corymbose inflorescences; bracts are linear, opposite at the base of the flower axis, covered with white short hairs; calyx inconspicuous; corolla tubular, 5-lobed at the apex, white with a red halo, the red halo particularly prominent on the corolla tube; 3stamens; 1 pistil, stigma extending beyond the corolla. Achenes narrow, elongated, and flattened, with a feathery crown at the apex.

 

v . officinalis l . (v . officinalis l .)薬用ハーブの最初の*科学民俗ハーブ*でも、"小さな救助"、"大規模な救助"、"地上しがみつく虎"と" 7マイルの香り"として知られて記録されている(*陝西省の漢方薬*)。今年に入ってNatural Medicinal Plants of the Qinling and Ba Mountains*, its authentic name is “small rescue,” and its commonly used parts are the root and rhizome [4]. Based on the source of the medicinal plant, it is also recorded in *Chinese Materia Medica* and *Comprehensive Dictionary of Chinese Herbal Medicines*. Due to its primary distribution in Shaanxi Province and its extensive coverage, “V. officinalis” serves as the original plant source for medicinal V. officinalis in Shaanxi, making it the primary medicinal variety.

 

Valerian Root

v . officinalisエキスの2活性成分

抽出カノコソウ属主に揮発性油成分(モノテルペンとセスキテルペン)を含み、根にはシクロアルテノールとセスキテルペンが多く含まれ、根には揮発性油が多く含まれています[5]。

 

2.1モノテルペンとセスキテルペン

Volatile oils are important compounds in the roots and rhizomes of medicinal Valeriana, with specified minimum content requirements in the European Pharmacopoeia. Michael et al. [6] confirmed the presence of oil droplets in both the external and internal regions of Valeriana roots through histological techniques, optical microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in preliminary experiments. Based on this, fluorescence microscopy was subsequently used to analyze images of the entire root cross-section, revealing a large number of oil droplets (averaging 43% of total oil droplets) located near the root surface. The remaining oil droplets were found in the internal regions (parenchymatous tissue), and their density showed a gradient from the internal to external regions depending on genotype, root thickness, and harvest depth.




薬理活性は主にモノテルペン、その化学成分は主にボルネオール、酢酸イソボルネオール、酢酸ボルネオールを含む;セスキテルペンは比較的少ない量で存在し、主にvalerianane型とguaiacolane型に属する[7]。

 

Wang et al. [8日-9] isolated two new guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Valeriana: valerol A (1) and kessyl 3-acetate (2); and five known compounds: valer-acetate (3), anismol A (4), orientalol C (5), spatulenol (6), and 4α,10α-epoxyaromade-ndrane (7). Additionally, Volvalerenone A (8) was first isolated from Valeriana officinalis, marking the first discovery of a novel tricyclic terpenoid compound with a 5/6/6 ring system. The structural formulas of the components are shown in Figure 1. A total of 34 cycloaromatic terpenoids have been isolated from Valeriana officinalis, including 26 aglycones and 8 glycosides. Most of the triterpenoid glycoside aglycones are triterpenoid triterpenoids (also known as valerian triterpenoids or valerian glycosides), with most glycosides formed by the condensation of the hydroxyl group at the C-11 position with the hydroxyl group at the glucose terminal. The molecular structure contains Δ3(4), Δ5(6) [not Δ7(8)], and a three-membered oxygen-containing ring between C-8 and C-10. Substituents are primarily located at the C-1, C-7, and C-11 positions. The triterpenoids in Valeriana can be further classified into four categories: mono-ene closed-ring, polyene, diene closed-ring, and diene open-ring [10], with their parent nuclei shown in Figure 2.

 

2.2 Triterpenoids

江夏らた。[11]からtetrahydro-triterpenoidsを使う鹿子草:β-sitosterol、とursolic酸ウルソル酸型のトリテルペノイドです

 

2.3 Phenylpropanoids

近年、バレリアナから単離されるフェニルプロパノイド化合物にはフェニルプロパノイドやリグナンがあり、その多くはモノキセパンやジオキセパンである。左岳明らは、様々なカラムクロマトグラフィー法を用いて6種類のフェニルプロパノイド化合物を精製した。ブリッタらはリグナンの含有量を研究したmethanol extract of Valeriana root and isolated eight lignan compounds. See Tables 1 and 2.

 

Valerian Root Extract Powder


表1 Phenylpropane化合物

 

化合物

参照

1

5-methoxyl-9-methyl-coniferol -

9-O - α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1

→ 6) -β-D-glucopyranoside

[12]

2

3-methoxyl-chlorogenic 酸

[12]

3

9-methyl-phenylpropanol-9-O -

α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 →

6) -β-D-glucopyranoside

4-methoxyl-allyl benzene-7-O -

[12]

4

α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 →

6) -β-D-glucopyranoside

[12]

5

3-hydroxyl-5-methox-yl -

phenylpropionic酸-4-O -

β-D-glucopyranoside

[12]

6

カフェ acid

[12]

 

表2 Lignin化合物

 

化合物

参照

1

olivil-4-O -β-D-glucopyranoside

[13]

2

lariciresinol-4 4」 -di-O - β-D-glucopyranoside

[13]

3

lariciresinol-4-O -β-D - glucopyrano-side

[13]

4

pinoresinol-8-O -β-D-glucopyranoside

[13]

5

8、9」 -dihydroxypinoresinol-4 」 -O -β-D-glucopyranoside

[13]

6

(+) -pinoresinol-4 4' -O -β- D-di-glucopyranoside

[14]

7

3' -demethyl-pinoresinol-4、

4' -O ~β-D-di-glucopyranoside

[14]

8

(+) -pinoresinol-4-O -β- D-glucopyranoside

[14]

9

5' -methoxyl-pinoresinol-4、

4' -O ~β-D-di-glucopyranoside

[14]

10

8、8' -dihydroxyl-prinsepiol-4 ~ Oβ-D-glucopyranoside

[14]

11

8、8' -dihydroxyl-prinsepiol-8 ~ Oβ-D-glucopyranoside

[14]

12

8-hydroxyl-prinsepiol-4-O - β-D-glucopyranoside

[14]

13

8' -hydroxyl-prinsepiol-4-O ~ β-D-glucopyranoside

[14]

14

8、8' -dihydroxyl-prinsepiol

[14]

15

(+) -cycloolivil-9-O -β- D-glucopyranoside

【15位】

16

(+) -cycloolivil-4' -O -β- D-glucopyranoside

【15位】

17

(+) -isolariciresinol-9-O - α-L-rhamnopyranoside

【15位】

18

pinoresinol-4-O-D -略してand 李- 病室 8「 -hydro-xypinoresinol

[16]

19

図7、図9」 -momoepoxy lignansmas - soniresinol-4」 -O-D-glucoside

[16]

20

berchemol-4」 -O-D-glucoside

[16]

21

8「 -hydroxypinoresinol-4 」 -O-D-g-lucoside

[16]

22

8- hydroxypinoresinol-4 」 -O-D- glucoside

[16]

 

2.4フラボノイド

バレリアンはまた、主に植物の地上部分に見られるフラボノイド化学成分を含んでいます。花や果実のフラボノイド含有量は、一般的に葉のそれを上回る。左らは、様々なクロマトグラフィー法を用いてバレリアンからフラボノイドを分離・精製し、以下のことを明らかにしたflavonoid化合物。3番テーブル見す。

 

3番テーブル Flavonoid化合物

 

化合物

参照

1

apigenin-7-O - α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 6) -β-D-glucopyranoside

〔17〕

2

6-methyl-apigenin-7-O - α- L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 6)

-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 →

2) - β-D-glucopyranoside

acacetin-7-O - α-L-rhamnopyranosyl

〔17〕

3

(1 → 6) -[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2) -β-D-glucopyranoside

〔17〕

4

acacetin-7-O - α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 6) -β-D-glucopyranoside

〔17〕

5

5-methoxyl-acacetin-7-O -  α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 6) -β-D-glucopyranoside

〔17〕

6

diosmetin-7-O - α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 6) -β-D-glucopyranoside

〔17〕

 

2.5アルカロイド

The alkaloids present in Valeriana plants are primarily found in the underground parts of the plant, with a content of approximately 1%. Approximately 19 alkaloids have been isolated from Valeriana, primarily classified into two types: monoterpenoid and apioid. Monoterpenoids include pyridine-type (valeroline, valeranine) and quaternary ammonium-type. Alkaloids in Valeriana are present in low concentrations, and recent reports on the isolation of alkaloids from Valeriana are limited. It is currently believed that the total alkaloids have antibacterial activity, and the roots contain alkaloids such as β-valerine, 8-methoxyactinidine, chatinine, actinidine, isovaleramide, valeriamine, and valeriane [19].

 

3  生理活動

3.1神経系への影響

3.1.1ハッシュ鎮静剤

Sung et al. [20] reported that Valeriana contains valerian diol and valerian triterpenes. Among these, valerian diol can reduce the excitability of reflexes and smooth muscle spasms, thereby effectively inhibiting the cerebral cortex, making it the active component responsible for Valeriana' sの镇静効果がある。バレリアンのトリテルペンはより強い鎮静作用を示す。hyeonら[21]は、哺乳類動物モデルで睡眠に対するバレリアナ/カスケード混合物の有益な効果を調べた。ペントバルビタールによる睡眠モデルでは、対照群と比較してバレリアナ、カスケード、バレリアナ/カスケードの混合物が睡眠までの遅延を有意に短縮し、総睡眠時間を効果的に増加させた。taavoniら[22]は、被験者として50 ~ 60歳の女性を選択した。実験群とプラセボ群との比較から、バレリアンは周囲閉経期女性の睡眠障害症状を効果的に改善することが示された。huang huabinら[23]は、バレリアンが原発性不眠症の治療に有効であると報告した。本研究では、メラトニン濃度と一次性不眠症に対するバレリアンの効果を調査し、メラトニン濃度の上昇とバレリアンの治療効果がほぼ関連していることを明らかにした。

 

3.1.2鎮痙および鎮痛効果

parvanehら[24]は、バレリアンが月経困難症を効果的に治療できるかどうかを調査する被験者として100人の女子学生を選んだ。実験は、ベースライン時および介入期間中に二重盲検設計を用いて実施され、観察されたシミュレーション採点基準に基づいて評価が行われました。被験者の痛みや身体症状の重症度を記録することにより、バレリアンは鎮痙効果を有する可能性があると結論付けられた。それは被験者の子宮収縮を効果的に抑制したので、このことはさらに証明されたバレリアンには治療効果がある女性の月経困難症についてです

 

3.1.3抗うつ剤

The volatile oil components in Valerian, including Valerianol and Valerianic acid ester, exhibit significant antidepressant activity. Pakseresht et al. [25] found that Valerian has certain antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Zhao Lihui et al. [26] found that valerian water extracts and alcohol extracts exhibit antidepressant effects. Yan Shuo [27] synthesized a valerian compound formulation with antidepressant properties. By observing the specific manifestations of experimental animals during the experiment, it was found that the valerian compound formulation significantly alleviated depression in experimental animals with few adverse reactions.

 

3.1.4抗不安と抗てんかん効果

Valerian root extract exhibits anti-anxiety effects. Wang Yanli et al. [28] found that valerian root extract exerts anti-anxiety effects by regulating the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Del et al. [29] used zebrafish as experimental subjects and concluded that valerian acid possesses anti-anxiety effects. The mechanism lies in valerian&#代謝グルタミン酸受容体iおよびiiとの選択的相互作用。murphyら[30]は、valerianを発見した'sの抗不安効果は、外因性gaba受容体を介して強化することができます,そして、バレレン酸はバレリアンの原因となる主要な成分であります&#マウスの不安行動の39の有意な減少。wu boらは、モデルラットの脳内でバレerianの揮発性油成分が興奮性アミノ酸と抑制性アミノ酸のバランスに作用し、それによって抗てんかん効果を発揮することを発見した[31]。

 

3.1.5抗けいれん、心血管保護、抗腫瘍効果

Mohammad et al. [32] evaluated the effects of Valeriana extract on temporal lobe epilepsy in rats and concluded that it exhibits anticonvulsant effects. Yang Shuhong et al. [33] reported that Valerian extract, when administered as a pretreatment, can protect rat myocardial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Liu Junfeng et al. [34] reported that the volatile components in Valerian have antiarrhythmic effects. The mechanism may involve an unknown component entering the serum in its original form and acting as a serum drug component with antiarrhythmic properties. In vivo experiments using S180 or EAC tumor models in mice, valerian cycloartane terpenoid esters exhibited significant antitumor effects against S180 (solid type) and significantly prolonged the survival time of EAC-induced ascites cancer mice [35].

 

3.2抗菌および抗ウイルス効果

wangら[36]はそれを発見したカノコソウ属精油濃度が最小抑制の展示の抗菌活動(MIC)値までの幅広い62.5%的μg / mL 400からmLμg /→とIC₅₀値から36.93μg / mLに374.72μg / mLまた、カンジダ菌の成長に対して適度な抗真菌活性を示し、黄麹菌の胞子の発芽を阻害した。in vitro実験では、バレリアンの成分が抗ウイルス活性を担う活性成分である可能性が示され、それによってバレリアンに抗ロタウイルス活性が与えられる。

 

3.3肝保護および腎保護効果

Xu Shali et al. [37] found in a Wistar rat model of liver damage induced by a high-cholesterol, high-fat, and high-sugar diet that Valeriana extract increased total bile acid (TBA) content in bile, improved the TBA/total cholesterol (TC) ratio, reduced serum TBA concentration, and significantly alleviated liver damage. Chen Ling et al. [38] found that Valerian oil effectively improved kidney damage in type 2 diabetic rats, reduced proteinuria, and delayed kidney function damage. Their effects were associated with lipid-lowering, antioxidant properties, and inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activation in the renal cortex.

 

3.4効果がある点

Valerian has antioxidant properties, In a study comparing the free radical scavenging activity, reducing capacity, and total antioxidant activity of its extracts, the highest and lowest activities were observed in water and acetone extracts. The 80% methanol extract exhibited the highest activity in reducing capacity and free radical scavenging activity measurements [39]. Sung et al. [20] reported that Valeriana root extract and Valerian acid enhance cognitive function in aged mice. Dorian et al. [40] aimed to assess whether the standardized extract (SE) of Valeriana officinalis has muscle relaxant effects by reducing skeletal muscle strength and/or neuromuscular tension in mice. This study provided evidence supporting the muscle relaxant effects of Valeriana officinalis extract on skeletal muscle.

 

4スパイスとしてのアプリケーション

Valerian has also found widespread application in daily life, primarily in tobacco and food products. Valerian essential oil, derived from its roots and rhizomes, is a key ingredient in the formulation of high-quality tobacco flavorings and is widely used in the tobacco industry as an important spice. Valerian serves as an excellent raw material for essential oil production and is extensively utilized in food products, as well as a valuable perfume and fragrance ingredient in the perfume industry. Valerian essential oil, prepared through processing, is easy to manufacture with simple equipment, a straightforward production process, and is easy to operate and process [41].

 

5結論

Valerian contains a large number of active components and exhibits diverse pharmacological effects, which has attracted increasing attention from researchers studying its pharmacological activities. These studies are primarily divided into two aspects: first, as a traditional medicinal plant, valerian contains a wealth of chemical components. By summarizing and organizing relevant literature from recent years, the latest isolated single compounds have been identified, with volatile oil components and cycloartenol derivatives being the most frequently reported. while reports on alkaloids are relatively scarce. In the isolation of single compounds, research has primarily focused on specific extraction sites rather than systematic isolation from all parts. The omission of certain extraction sites may result in an incomplete characterization of their components. The other aspect is the study of physiological activities, with recent years seeing more in-depth research on pharmacological mechanisms, primarily concentrated on the nervous system, antibacterial effects, and liver protection. However, studies on the activity and mechanisms of single compounds isolated from Valeriana are limited, primarily focusing on crude extracts. The physiological activities of some single compounds remain unclear, and the material basis for their pharmacological activities has not been clearly elucidated. Further research is needed to strengthen the study of single active components and their mechanisms.

 

Valerian Root Extract Powder


Additionally, Valeriana officinalis is commonly used as a spice in the tobacco and food industries, primarily as a health supplement and flavoring agent. However, there are few research-based formulations developed from Valeriana officinalis. Therefore, it is essential to conduct comprehensive research on the active components and pharmacological effects of Valeriana officinalis, and based on this, develop effective formulations to uncover its potential market value. The medicinal value and special applications of Valeriana officinalis require further investigation.

 

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