レモンバーム抽出物の利点は何ですか?

メリッサ製造L, also known as lemon balm, is a perennial herb でのfamily Lamiaceae. The erect, much branched stem is pilose, becoming glabrous towards the base. The leaves are petiolate, with slender petioles, とhave ovate-orbicular blades with crenate or obtuse serrate margins とnearly cordate bases. There are 4 pairs のlateral veins, reticulate veins are obvious on the upper surface, the midrib is nearly flat on the upper surface and raised on the lower surface. The umbels are axillary, with short pedicels, 2–14-flowered, and the bracts are small and leaflike. The calyx is campanulate, with a long spinose apex. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, villous. Corolla creamy white, 12–13 mm long, pilose. Upper lip straight, apex emarginate, lower lip 3-lobed. Flowering period: June–August.

Melissa 製造is a robust plant that is extremely easy to cultivate and manage. Unlike other western medicinal herbs or aromatic plants introduced からtemperate zones, it prefers moist soil and is cold, heat and water tolerant. It grows well でfull sun or partial shade, has a widerange のsoil adaptability, and is most suitable for a pH between 5 and 7.5. Melissa officinalis is quite adaptable to soil environments でvarious climates. It can be cultivated でfields, gardens and pots. Its stems and leaves are lush and dark green in color, and it has a strong fragrance.

Melissa officinalis originated in southern Europe and North America. It is mainly distributed in Mediterranean countries, including coastal areas のTurkey and northern Iran. It has also been cultivated in China. In the eleventh century, Arab herbalists believed that Melissa officinalis had the magical power to refresh the mind and soul. Melissa officinalis was often planted around churches or temples in ancient Europe, attracting bees to make honey for sacrificial purposes. Melissa officinalis is used for a variety of purposes, such as food additives, herbal teas, ingredients in cosmetics, decorations and medicines. When encountering insect bites or wounds, the fresh leaves メリッサの製造can be directly applied to the affected area to reduce swelling and pain; dried leaves can be made into medicinal pillows to help with sleep. It is currently widely used in medicine and pharmacology, with sedative, anti-anxiety, anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-histamine, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer, mood regulation and cognitive performance effects.

1レモンバームエキス有効成分

1.1フラボノイド

レモンクリームエキス contains flavonoids including quercetin, rhamnetin, luteolin, etc. Free radicals are normal metabolic products in the body. When they are out of balance in the body, they may lead to many diseases such as inflammation, aging, cancer, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Flavonoids have a good scavenging effect on free radicals. Liu Shuang et al. [1, 2] and others have all experimentally demonstrated that quercetin, after being absorbed, indirectly or directly exerts an antioxidant effect in the body. It has been experimentally proven [3] that rhamnetin has a direct inhibitory effect on six tumor strains, including L1210, P388D1, HeLa, B16, NG108-15 and Hele7404. it was determined that luteolin has a certain in vitro antitumor effect. Wang Jishuang [4] and others believe that luteolin not only inhibits tumor cell proliferation, but also has a protective effect on the nervous system. In addition, luteolin also has anti-inflammatory and liver protection effects.

120 Polyphenolic化合物

レモンクリームエキス エキスには各種ポリフェノール類が豊富に含まれていますrosmarinic酸カフェインとプロトカテキン酸ですzhou dan[5]などは、ロスマリン酸が腫瘍、炎症、アルツハイマー病に良い治療効果があると結論づけています'の病気やその他の病気。コーヒー酸(caffeic acid)は、果物や野菜に広く含まれる天然フェノール化合物である。dpphやabtsのフリーラジカル除去能力が非常に高く、鉄イオンの還元力も高い。protocatechuic acidはparkinsonの脳組織への病理学的損傷を減らし、改善することができます's疾患モデルマウス、内因性抗酸化酵素の活性を増加させ、フリーラジカルの産生を減少させることによって神経保護効果を発揮[7]。

1.3テルペノイドで

レモンクリームエキス 抽出also contains monoterpenal, monoterpenoid, terpene, sesquiterpene and other compounds [8]. At present, the application of Melissa officinalis chemical composition mainly focuses on Melissa officinalis essential oil. Melissa officinalis essential oil can be obtained from various parts of Melissa officinalis by using different extraction methods. The six main components of Melissa officinalis essential oil are citronellal (14. 40%), isoeugenol (6. 40%), geranyl acetate (10. 20%), nerol (5. 10%), caryophyllene (8. 10%), and caryophyllene oxide (11 %), accounting for 55. 20% of the total essential oil [9].

2薬理的効果

2.1抗脂肪組織形成

腫瘍組織と同様に、脂肪組織の成長と発達は血管新生依存性であると考えられています。メリッサofficinalis有機エキスals-l1023は、脂肪組織の血管の成長を阻害することができます。jeongjun ki m[10]らは、高脂肪食(hf d)とals-l1023を併用するとカロリー摂取量に影響を与えずに、c57bl /6 jマウスは体重を減少させ、腹部血糖を有意に低下させ、血清altとastレベルを低下させ、内臓脂肪組織の血管成長を阻害し、脂質代謝を改善することを発見した。als-l1023はまた、肥満マウスの内臓脂肪細胞の平均サイズを小さくし、脂肪変性を抑制し、脂肪を有意に減少させた。また、als-l1023はcd68陽性マクロファージの数と炎症性サイトカインの発現量を減少させた。これは、メリッサ・officinalisの抽出物が血管成長阻害剤として肥満などの疾患の発生や発症に治療的な役割を果たすことを示しています。

2.2鎮静と抗不安うつ病

Experimental studies have shown [11] that by establishing a mouse depression model [12-14], using sucrose water consumption experiments, open field experiments, and forced swimming experiments, it was found that after CUMS stimulation, the 行動of mice was assessed, and it was found that the essential oil and acetone water extracts of Melissa officinalis leaf both increased the number of spontaneous activities of mice and increased their interest in things. Mice given the petroleum ether extract were more active and more active. This indicates that Melissa officinalis extract has a definite antidepressant effect and a stronger antidepressant effect. GABA is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals and is currently an important target for research on sedation, anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects.

Rosmarinic acid, one of the active ingredients in Melissa officinalis extract, has been shown in experiments [15] to inhibit GABA transaminase and inhibit the degradation of GABA, thereby increasing the concentration of GABA in the brain and having an anti-anxiety and sedative effect. In addition, two other main components of Melissa officinalis, caffeic acid and citral [16-18], have been shown in experiments to have anti-anxiety effects. In the forced swimming test, citral can significantly reduce the total immobility time of mice, and can reduce the total immobility time in synergy with imipramine. Some effective components of Melissa officinalis also have the effect of protecting neurons. They protect the nervous system by inhibiting the activity of cholinesterase in the synaptic cleft [19] and increasing the activity and content of ACh. Melissa officinalis extract can protect 反対methylene-dioxy-methamphetamine-induced apoptosis of hippocampal primary neuronal cells, through its strong antioxidant properties and inhibition of MAO. Melissa officinalis can therefore be used as an antidepressant and neuroprotective agent to relieve stress, improve psychological mood, regulate cognitive performance, and prevent neurodegenerative diseases [20].

2.3 Antitumor

Alviano DS [21] and others used the MTT method to conduct an in vitro cytotoxicity test and found that Melissa officinalis extract has a good inhibitory effect on a series of human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, Caco-2 cells, HL-60, K562) and mouse cell lines (B16F10) have a good inhibitory effect, indicating the potential use of Melissa officinalis as a tumor suppressor. Jahanban-Esfahlan A [22] and others used the MTT method to detect the cytotoxic effect of the extract and conducted selective anti-cancer experiments on Melissa officinalis extracts in different human cancer cells.

The results showed that even at the lowest dose (5–1000 μg·mL-1), Melissa officinalis extract reduced the survival rate of all cancer cells to below 33%. It was also found that the average tumor inhibition rates of SKOV3, MCF-7, PC-3, A549 4 kinds of cells, the average tumor inhibition rate reached 73.1%, 86.7%, 79.9%, 77.8% respectively. The experimental results show that Melissa officinalis water extract has a high inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation, regardless of its dose size. This indicates that the optimal biological dose of Melissa officinalis as a tumor inhibitor is more important than the maximum tolerated dose. In addition, hormone-dependent cancers are more sensitive to Melissa extracts, suggesting that Melissa has specificity in antitumor activity.

2.4抗酸化作用

Medicinal plants rich in polyphenolic compounds are widely used for their good antioxidant properties. Safaeian L[ 23] and others found that H2O2-induced human venous endothelial cells treated with Melissa officinalis extract can significantly improve cell viability, reduce the concentration of peroxides, and improve the antioxidant capacity of intracellular and extracellular fluids.

Rosmarinic acid, the main active ingredient in Melissa officinalis extract, is an antioxidant. Experiments have shown that [24] giving medium to high doses of rosmarinic acid can significantly reduce malondialdehyde levels and serum triglyceride levels, thereby increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body, and that there is a dose-response relationship with increasing doses of rosmarinic acid. Under hypoxic conditions, the body experiences an imbalance in free radical metabolism, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in antioxidant capacity. The results of the experiment showed that medium and high doses of rosmarinic acid can increase the time that aging mice can withstand hypoxia under normal pressure.

作用のメカニズムは、ロスマリン酸が体を減少させることであってもよいです'の酸素消費量、および酸素フリーラジカルの生成は、その後低減されます。the stronger the body'の抗酸化能力は、より効果的には、アンチエイジングの治療目標を達成することです[25]。

Rosmarinic acid also has anti-angiogenic activity, can reduce the expression of H2O2-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor, and can inhibit endothelial cell oxidation of low-density lipoprotein [26], reduce the release of IL-8 from endothelial cells, and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of endothelial cells [27]. In addition, caffeic acid, another antioxidant in Melissa officinalis extract [28], may improve cellular resistance to 酸化ストレスby inhibiting lipid peroxidation and reducing glutathione depletion [29]. Due to its strong antioxidant activity, Melissa officinalis extract has potential benefits for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases associated with oxidative stress.

2.5抗菌

Natural essential oils are obtained from various parts of plants and are highly effective active antibacterial agents. The widespread use of antibacterial drugs has seriously affected the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. The use of herbs is a preventive measure against treatment failures due to a lack of sensitivity to synthetic antibiotics. Experiments have shown that the compounds in Melissa officinalis essential oil that exert an antibacterial effect are citral, citronellal and trans-caryophyllene. Melissa officinalis essential oil exhibits a high degree of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and is also highly active against Candida albicans. Canadanovi et al. found that Melissa officinalis n-butanol extract高い過酸化脂質掃討活性とヒドロキシルラジカル掃討活性を有する。メリッサ・officinalis石油エーテル及び酢酸エチル抽出物はstreptococcus mutansに対して良好な抗菌活性を有し、クロロホルム抽出物はhe la細胞及びmcf-7細胞に対して抗増殖作用を有する。これは、メリッサofficinalis抽出物が高いフェノール含有量とフリーラジカル除去能力、抗菌活性、抗増殖活性を有することを示しています。

2.6 Anti-ulcer

Saber i A[30] et al. established a rat gastric ulcer model and found that Melissa officinalis formaldehyde extract can significantly reduce the ulcer index and the MDA level in rat serum. The mechanism by which Melissa officinalis formaldehyde extract protects the gastric mucosa may be through regulating the expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPX, or by reducing the MDA level, which are biochemical indicators that affect cell damage and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the natural antioxidant ingredients in Melissa officinalis formaldehyde extract, such as vitamin E, rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids, can also reduce the total amount and acidity of gastric acid and increase the pH of gastric juice. This indicates that Melissa officinalis extract may achieve an anti-ulcer therapeutic effect by mediating antioxidant properties.

3結論

メリッサ・officinalisは、その高い薬効を証明する幅広い用途の民間ハーブです。近年では、メリッサofficinalisエッセンシャルオイルは、臨床抗腫瘍におけるユニークな利点を示しています,抗酸化と抗菌活動,これは完全にの治療特性を強調汉方薬。しかしながら現在、医が足りないのリンクメカニズムをに関する研究の動作の化学組成に関するの臨床治療メリッサ製造研究と論議が化学成分薬理学的研究とメリッサ製造探検改善を求めて科学的根拠をしてを引き続き提供メリッサを製造し、薬草の見通しがある。

参照

【1】劉瑞、孟芳、白懐。ldlの酸化修飾に対するクェルセチン、ルチン、プエラリンの阻害効果に関する研究[j]。中国伝統医学ジャーナル,2007,32(19):2085-2062。

[2] zhao liting, guo changjiang, cai donglian, et al。ラット末梢血の抗酸化系に対するケルセチン補充の影響[j]。^『軍医学会誌』軍医学会、2009年(平成21年)、269-279頁。

【3】孫娟、余世春quercetinの研究進捗状況[j]。現代中国医学研究と実践,2011,25(3):85- 87。

[4] wang j s, he y, hua z c, et al。ルテオリンの薬理作用に関する研究[j]。^『人事興信録』第25版、561頁。

[5]周d,劉a, du g .ロスマリン酸の薬理学的研究の進捗状況[j]。中国医薬ジャーナル,2011,20(7):594-597。

[6] fan j, cai x, feng x, et al。カフェイン酸のin vitro抗酸化活性に関する研究[j]。中国食品科学誌,2015,15(3):66- 71。

[7] zhang xiuli, li yachen, niu xinhua, et al。parkinsoninの脳組織の抗酸化能力に対するプロトカテキン酸の影響's疾患モデルマウス[j]。^『仙台市史』通史編2(仙台市、2011年)3249- 3251頁。

[8] Sofowor A Ogunbodede  E Onayade a . 役割 and  場所 of  薬草 in  the  戦略 疾病予防か[J]。n救急。生まれJTradit補完飛び越えると2013年(10):210年- 229。

[9] Gurck L、DubravskaR Mikl ovicova。栽培の経済 サル  officinalis    and   Melissa   製造[J]。Agric。Econ。チェコ。^『官報』第3548号、大正5年、356頁。

[10] Jeongi国連 金さん(李Haerim Jonghoon 走ろうの 血管新生 またはを抑制する   ALS - L1023   from  レモン-やろうよ 葉   高脂肪食を減衰させる-制御を通じて誘発される非アルコール性脂肪肝疾患 isceral adipose - tissue fu - nction[j]。^「internation al journal of molecular sciences,2017,18(4):864」。internation al journal of molecular sciences(2017年). 2017年3月18日閲覧。

[11] 吉自紫陽。melissa officinalisの化学組成と抗うつ効果に関する研究[d]。新潟大学教授、2016年。

[12] petit - demouli er e b, chenu f, bouri n m .強制水泳テスト in  ネズミ: 抗うつ剤活性のレビュー[j]。2005年Psychopharmacology、255 177(3):245 -。

[13] slattery da, cryan j f .ラット強制水泳テストを使用して評価する- tiのげっ歯類の抑制活性[j]。2012年自然プロトコル、7 (6): 1009 - 1014。

[14] sun shiguang, liu jian, lu yan, et al。昆明マウスのうつ病に対する強制水泳試験と尾懸濁試験の相関[j]。中国薬理毒性学会誌,2014,28(1):107-111。

[15] weitzel c, petersen met et al。クローニングとrosの特性化 マリネ酸シンターゼfrommelissa officinalis l [j]。Phytochemistry才、201lは72 (7): 578敏達天皇元年(572年)? -たと伝わっている。

[16] ケネディ 少し、 Wハスケル CF et 安西アルol ytic 効果s of  melissa officinalisとvaleri ana officinalisの組み合わせは、実験室でストレスを誘発した[j]。^ a b c d e f g h i f g h i(2006年)、96- 102頁。

[17] david o . kennedy、wendy little、crystal f haskell、andrewb。 scholey anxi olはメリッサofficinalisとvaleri anaの組み合わせのytic効果s officinalis  実験室中 つてストレスか[J]。 ^「phytotherapy research,2006,8(20)」(英語). phytotherapy research . 2009年10月20日閲覧。

[18] Soodi  M, Naghdi N Hajimehdi貧しい  H et  al.メモリ-身廊とスコポラミンでメリッサofficinalis抽出物の活性を向上させる-  ネズミか[J]扱われた。^ a b c d e f『教育研究年報』第2巻、2014年、107頁。

[19] taher pour a, maroof i h,ラフィe z,ら  tのysiのs彼のエッセンシャルオイルメリッサofficinalis l .からクルディスタン、イランhs / spme法および生物物理化学的計算による  tの係数s he成分[j]。natural product research,2012, 26(2): 152—160。

[20]林S H・聴雨 n)、車(チャML WC、らAmedicinal ハーブ製造メリッサ l ameliorates 鬱のような behavior  of  ネズミ in  強制泳ぎ方のテストをしましたの 活性neurotrans - ミター主任は[J]。^『川崎市史』、川崎市、2015年、175 - 266頁。

[21] de  スーザ AC1、Alviano DS丶空白 AF Gattねえ CR et al.メリッサofficinalis l.エッセンシャルオイル:抗腫瘍および抗酸化活性[j]。j . pharmpharmacol,2004,56(5): 677- 81.[22] Jahanban - Esfahlan A Modaeinama  S Jahanban - Esfahlan R,ら反メリッサProliferatアイブ氏の属性を製造し 異なる人間で がん セルs  [J]。アジア Pac J  がん Prev。2015年(平成27年)4月1日:7703 - 7703。

[23] leil a safaeian, seyyed ebr ahimsajj adi, fariba samani,ら of Melissa officinalis  extract  against  H2O2から-誘導 ヒト血管内胚葉al細胞における酸化ストレス[j]。「Res publica Pharmなければならない。2016年11 (5): 383 - 389。

[24] wang hong, liu min, gu jianxiang, et al。dガラクトース誘導加齢マウスにおけるロスマリン酸の抗酸化作用に関する研究[j]。chinese journal of gerontology, 2009,(5): 549-551。

【25】張紅泉、于文新。中国のアンチエイジング薬[m]。北京:科学出版社、2000年。94-103。

[26] pearson da, frankel en, aeschbach r, german jb。 抑制 endotheli al cell-ローズマリーと植物による低密度リポタンパク質の酸化 phenolics [J]。j Agricね食品化学である。1997年45:578 - 582。

【27】黄SS鄭RL。ロスマリン酸はin vitroでs血管新生およびその作用機序を阻害する[j]。^ a b c d e f g h i 2006, pp . 239 - 271- 280。

[28]の李PG、徐 j w, ikeda k, kobayakawa a, kayano y, mitani t,et . caffeic acidは、脳卒中を起こしやすい自発的高血圧ラットにおいて、アンジオテンシンiiによって誘導される血管平滑筋細胞の増殖を阻害する[j]。^ a b c d e f g h『仙台市史』、2005年、369- 377頁。

[29] nardini mpisu p, gentil i v, natell a f, di Felice M、エラPiccol Eなど アル効果 カフェの tertに酸-しかし、yl hydroperoxide -誘導 oxidative  stress  in  U937 [J]。自由 Radic Biol。^『官報』第1095号、大正10年10月25日。

[30]だセイバー A,アッバーストイレE, Sepehri G、Yazdanpanah Mであるミールがkamandari e, sheibani v, safi z .メリッサofficinalisのメタノールicエキスの効果 ラットを用いた胃潰瘍実験について[j]。イラン赤 ^クレセントmed . j .,2016,18(7): e24271。